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Yongtai Fortress is a fortress town in Gansu, China, built in 1608 CE by the Ming dynasty rulers to defend against attacks from northern minorities, it stationed 2000 infantrymen and 500 cavalry units. The entire fort is enclosed by a rammed earth wall including defensive towers

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Yongtai Fortress is a fortress town in Gansu, China, built in 1608 CE by the Ming dynasty rulers to defend against attacks from northern minorities, it stationed 2000 infantrymen and 500 cavalry units. The entire fort is enclosed by a rammed earth wall including defensive towers

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Hejin City Fortress, in China, is a historic structure extensively renovated during the Ming Dynasty . However, its origins likely date back to earlier periods in Chinese history. The fortress is known for its massive walls made of rammed earth, brick, and stone

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Hejin City Fortress, in China, is a historic structure extensively renovated during the Ming Dynasty . However, its origins likely date back to earlier periods in Chinese history. The fortress is known for its massive walls made of rammed earth, brick, and stone

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The se-chongtong is a portable gun barrel first produced in 1432 CE to subdue the Jurchen people who invaded northern Joseon in the early Joseon Dynasty. The Korean gun was used by soldiers of different units and civilians, including women and children, as a personal defense weapon

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The se-chongtong is a portable gun barrel first produced in 1432 CE to subdue the Jurchen people who invaded northern Joseon in the early Joseon Dynasty. The Korean gun was used by soldiers of different units and civilians, including women and children, as a personal defense weapon

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An aerial view of Iraj Castle, a Sasanian fortification built in the 4th-5th century CE in Iran. The monument is known for its peculiar design: large defensive walls with embedded rooms and arches, with towers at regular intervals, enclosing a vast empty interior of 190 hectares

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An aerial view of Iraj Castle, a Sasanian fortification built in the 4th-5th century CE in Iran. The monument is known for its peculiar design: large defensive walls with embedded rooms and arches, with towers at regular intervals, enclosing a vast empty interior of 190 hectares

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Cordoba Mosque, Spain. Entrance arch to the expansion built by Al-Hakam II around 970 AD, seen from inside. With the original building as starting point, this phase was defined by innovation, richness and creativity that added a new dimension to its already universal architecture.

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Cordoba Mosque, Spain. Entrance arch to the expansion built by Al-Hakam II around 970 AD, seen from inside. With the original building as starting point, this phase was defined by innovation, richness and creativity that added a new dimension to its already universal architecture.

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Bajiao Ancient City, literally meaning "eight corners", was built during the Han Dynasty and has a history of 2,000 years. From an aerial perspective, Bajiao Ancient City appears to be a hollow cross with eight corners, hence its name. Gansu Province, China

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Bajiao Ancient City, literally meaning "eight corners", was built during the Han Dynasty and has a history of 2,000 years. From an aerial perspective, Bajiao Ancient City appears to be a hollow cross with eight corners, hence its name. Gansu Province, China

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A man posing with what is said to be a bronze dome from the Porcelain Pagoda tower in Nanjing, China, in 1871. The tower was built during the Ming Dynasty in the 15th century and was destroyed during the Taiping Rebellion in 1856.

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A man posing with what is said to be a bronze dome from the Porcelain Pagoda tower in Nanjing, China, in 1871. The tower was built during the Ming Dynasty in the 15th century and was destroyed during the Taiping Rebellion in 1856.

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Amulet of the Nile catfish, a species of fish named for its black belly. Often worn at the end of a plait of hair, amulets like this one were used by children and young women to protect against drowning. 1985-1773 BC. Walters Art Musuem

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Amulet of the Nile catfish, a species of fish named for its black belly. Often worn at the end of a plait of hair, amulets like this one were used by children and young women to protect against drowning. 1985-1773 BC. Walters Art Musuem

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The granite Stela 11 from Kaminaljuyu, in Guatemala, portrays one of the earliest Maya rulers dressed as a divine being. The king's branching headdress expresses his personification as the world tree that unites the layers of the heavens, earth and underworld. 200-50 BCE

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The granite Stela 11 from Kaminaljuyu, in Guatemala, portrays one of the earliest Maya rulers dressed as a divine being. The king's branching headdress expresses his personification as the world tree that unites the layers of the heavens, earth and underworld. 200-50 BCE

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Stari Grad is a fortress near the city of Užice, in central Serbia. Historians believe it was built in the second half of the 14th century CE to control movement along nearby roads, and the town of Užice

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Stari Grad is a fortress near the city of Užice, in central Serbia. Historians believe it was built in the second half of the 14th century CE to control movement along nearby roads, and the town of Užice

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Statue of Emperor Daowu, the founder of China's Xianbei-led Northern Wei dynasty in the position of a Buddha, Yungang grottoes, 453-495 CE. The statue is around 13.5 meters tall

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Statue of Emperor Daowu, the founder of China's Xianbei-led Northern Wei dynasty in the position of a Buddha, Yungang grottoes, 453-495 CE. The statue is around 13.5 meters tall

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Roman Amphitheater, Arles, France. Built 12 years after the Colosseum, the structure could accommodate +20,000 spectators for the hunting scenes and gladiator fights. It's conversion into a medieval fortress-town with over 200 buildings explains its preservation until present times

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Roman Amphitheater, Arles, France. Built 12 years after the Colosseum, the structure could accommodate +20,000 spectators for the hunting scenes and gladiator fights. It's conversion into a medieval fortress-town with over 200 buildings explains its preservation until present times

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The gold embroidered robe with dragons and phoenixes of the female general Qin Liangyu , who is best known for defending the Ming dynasty from attacks by the Manchu-led Later Jin dynasty in the 17th century

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The gold embroidered robe with dragons and phoenixes of the female general Qin Liangyu , who is best known for defending the Ming dynasty from attacks by the Manchu-led Later Jin dynasty in the 17th century

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The Fortifications of Derbent are defensive lines originally built by the Sassanian Persian Empire. Located in modern day Russia, certain segments of the walls still contain Persian inscriptions.

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The Fortifications of Derbent are defensive lines originally built by the Sassanian Persian Empire. Located in modern day Russia, certain segments of the walls still contain Persian inscriptions.

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The 18th century buildings of Arles share the urban landscape with a Roman amphitheater built in 90 aD. With the fall of the Western Empire, the amphitheatre was transformed into a fortress with four towers. The structure encircled more than 200 houses, becoming a real town...

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The 18th century buildings of Arles share the urban landscape with a Roman amphitheater built in 90 aD. With the fall of the Western Empire, the amphitheatre was transformed into a fortress with four towers. The structure encircled more than 200 houses, becoming a real town...

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A pagoda scroll comprised of characters from the Lotus Sutra, written by Li Zhen in 1617 CE. Ming dynasty, from China, now housed at the National Palace Museum in Taiwan.

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A pagoda scroll comprised of characters from the Lotus Sutra, written by Li Zhen in 1617 CE. Ming dynasty, from China, now housed at the National Palace Museum in Taiwan.

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2 of the 500-year-old Qilakitsoq Mummies that were found in Greenland in 1972. There were 6 women and 2 children, including a 6 month old baby boy , all of whom were fully dressed. It is thought that the child was either smothered or buried alive when the mother died

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2 of the 500-year-old Qilakitsoq Mummies that were found in Greenland in 1972. There were 6 women and 2 children, including a 6 month old baby boy , all of whom were fully dressed. It is thought that the child was either smothered or buried alive when the mother died

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Diorite statue of Gudea, prince of Lagash, dedicated to the god Ningishzida. Gudea was a Sumerian ruler of the state of Lagash in Southern Mesopotamia, who ruled c. 2144–2124 BC, at a time when the center of Sumer was still ruled by the Gutian dynasty and the north by Akkad...

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Diorite statue of Gudea, prince of Lagash, dedicated to the god Ningishzida. Gudea was a Sumerian ruler of the state of Lagash in Southern Mesopotamia, who ruled c. 2144–2124 BC, at a time when the center of Sumer was still ruled by the Gutian dynasty and the north by Akkad...

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A gold horse harness with jade decoration from the Liao Dynasty , unearthed from the joint tomb of princess Chen and her consort in Inner Mongolia. Now housed at the Capital Museum in Beijing, China

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A gold horse harness with jade decoration from the Liao Dynasty , unearthed from the joint tomb of princess Chen and her consort in Inner Mongolia. Now housed at the Capital Museum in Beijing, China

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In May 2025, a pair of volunteers discovered a relief of the winged Roman goddess of victory, Victoria, at Vindolanda, a Roman fort in northern England. The 47 cm high relief was found in the rubble of a former infantry barracks and is dated to the early 3rd century CE.

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In May 2025, a pair of volunteers discovered a relief of the winged Roman goddess of victory, Victoria, at Vindolanda, a Roman fort in northern England. The 47 cm high relief was found in the rubble of a former infantry barracks and is dated to the early 3rd century CE.

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