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Yakhchāl was invented around 400 BC in Iran, using ancient tech to store ice in the heart of the desert. These domed mud-brick structures employed evaporative cooling and underground storage so efficiently that the modern Persian word for refrigerator remains Yakhchāl, meaning “ice pit.”

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Yakhchāl was invented around 400 BC in Iran, using ancient tech to store ice in the heart of the desert. These domed mud-brick structures employed evaporative cooling and underground storage so efficiently that the modern Persian word for refrigerator remains Yakhchāl, meaning “ice pit.”

ARTIFACT / Photography

The Arch of Ctesiphon in modern-day Iraq is the only remaining structure of ancient Ctesiphon, built in 242–272 AD during the Sassanid Empire. Considered a landmark in architecture history, the Persian masterpiece was on the brink of collapse in 2021 when Iran intervened to restore it.

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The Arch of Ctesiphon in modern-day Iraq is the only remaining structure of ancient Ctesiphon, built in 242–272 AD during the Sassanid Empire. Considered a landmark in architecture history, the Persian masterpiece was on the brink of collapse in 2021 when Iran intervened to restore it.

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Kraters were used for mixing wine with water at symposia in Ancient Greece. However, the Derveni Krater was also used as a funerary urn. It contained the cremated remains of a man and a younger woman. 40kg, 90 cm, 4th century BCE

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Kraters were used for mixing wine with water at symposia in Ancient Greece. However, the Derveni Krater was also used as a funerary urn. It contained the cremated remains of a man and a younger woman. 40kg, 90 cm, 4th century BCE

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Koi Krylgan Kala, in Uzbekistan, was a temple-fortress built in the 4th-3rd century BCE by the ancient Khorezm people. The temple is surrounded by a defensive wall made of 2 rows of pakhsa and a mud brick. There is a moat around the fortress, which was filled with water in ancient times

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Koi Krylgan Kala, in Uzbekistan, was a temple-fortress built in the 4th-3rd century BCE by the ancient Khorezm people. The temple is surrounded by a defensive wall made of 2 rows of pakhsa and a mud brick. There is a moat around the fortress, which was filled with water in ancient times

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The Green Stone lying in one of the storerooms of the Temple complex in Hattusa, which was the capital of the Hittite Empire until it was destroyed around 1200 BC. The stone, which is thought to have been made from serpentinite, may have played a role in some religious cult

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The Green Stone lying in one of the storerooms of the Temple complex in Hattusa, which was the capital of the Hittite Empire until it was destroyed around 1200 BC. The stone, which is thought to have been made from serpentinite, may have played a role in some religious cult

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A 2,000-year-old hat intended to keep Roman soldiers cool in the heat of the desert following their conquest of Ancient Egypt has been painstakingly brought back to life. The artefact, now held at Bolton Museum, is believed to be one of only 3 similar headpieces remaining in the world

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A 2,000-year-old hat intended to keep Roman soldiers cool in the heat of the desert following their conquest of Ancient Egypt has been painstakingly brought back to life. The artefact, now held at Bolton Museum, is believed to be one of only 3 similar headpieces remaining in the world

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This painting of a cave bear, at the Chauvet Cave in France, was drawn with 14 lines around 32,000 years ago. The artist used a technique known as 'stump-drawing' - the use of fingers or a piece of hide to paint the muzzle and to emphasize the outlines of the head and forequarters

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This painting of a cave bear, at the Chauvet Cave in France, was drawn with 14 lines around 32,000 years ago. The artist used a technique known as 'stump-drawing' - the use of fingers or a piece of hide to paint the muzzle and to emphasize the outlines of the head and forequarters

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The Library of Celsus in ancient Ephesus was built in the 2nd century AD, with marble columns, carved capitals and deeply detailed coffers designed to impress from every angle, ruins feature impressive stonework that has remained remarkably preserved for nearly 2,000 years

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The Library of Celsus in ancient Ephesus was built in the 2nd century AD, with marble columns, carved capitals and deeply detailed coffers designed to impress from every angle, ruins feature impressive stonework that has remained remarkably preserved for nearly 2,000 years

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In 2012, archaeologists excavating the site of an ancient volcanic eruption in Gunma Prefecture, Japan, have found the well-preserved remains of a man in armor. He was trapped under hot ash by the eruption of Mount Haruna in the early 6th century CE

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In 2012, archaeologists excavating the site of an ancient volcanic eruption in Gunma Prefecture, Japan, have found the well-preserved remains of a man in armor. He was trapped under hot ash by the eruption of Mount Haruna in the early 6th century CE

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While preparing for construction of a housing development in Stuttgart, Germany, an ancient horse cemetery with more than 100 burials was discovered that was used by the Roman cavalry unit stationed nearby in the second century C.E.

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While preparing for construction of a housing development in Stuttgart, Germany, an ancient horse cemetery with more than 100 burials was discovered that was used by the Roman cavalry unit stationed nearby in the second century C.E.

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A Persian royal rhyton crafted from pure gold, widely regarded as the best-preserved example from the ancient world. Dating back to the Achaemenid Empire , it was discovered in Hamadan and is housed at the National Museum of Iran.

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A Persian royal rhyton crafted from pure gold, widely regarded as the best-preserved example from the ancient world. Dating back to the Achaemenid Empire , it was discovered in Hamadan and is housed at the National Museum of Iran.

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Dea Dardanica is a marble sculpture, found in Kosovo and made in the 2nd-3rd century CE, that represents an ancient goddess. While the exact nature of her worship and beliefs surrounding her vary, she is generally understood to have been revered by the indigenous Dardanian people

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Dea Dardanica is a marble sculpture, found in Kosovo and made in the 2nd-3rd century CE, that represents an ancient goddess. While the exact nature of her worship and beliefs surrounding her vary, she is generally understood to have been revered by the indigenous Dardanian people

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Then and Now: Apadana Palace of Persepolis in ancient Iran was started construction by the order of Darius the Great and finished by his son Xerxes. Today, several of the palace's columns stands, its stairways remains in place and the walls contains countless of well-preserved reliefs.

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Then and Now: Apadana Palace of Persepolis in ancient Iran was started construction by the order of Darius the Great and finished by his son Xerxes. Today, several of the palace's columns stands, its stairways remains in place and the walls contains countless of well-preserved reliefs.

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Amphitheater, Roman city of Augusta Emerita, Merida, Spain. Constructed in 8 BC to complement the theater built next to it some 7 years earlier. This fighting ground was used until the fall of the Empire in the 4th century and ended partially underground. It was uncovered in 1912...

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Amphitheater, Roman city of Augusta Emerita, Merida, Spain. Constructed in 8 BC to complement the theater built next to it some 7 years earlier. This fighting ground was used until the fall of the Empire in the 4th century and ended partially underground. It was uncovered in 1912...

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The Amman Citadel, in Jordan, is one of the world's oldest continuously inhabited places, with evidence of settlement dating back to the Neolithic period . The major remains at the site are the Temple of Hercules, a Byzantine church, and the Umayyad Palace

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The Amman Citadel, in Jordan, is one of the world's oldest continuously inhabited places, with evidence of settlement dating back to the Neolithic period . The major remains at the site are the Temple of Hercules, a Byzantine church, and the Umayyad Palace

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An orange-red church and a lone rider in European garb, the work of an unknown historic-period native artist, loom from the shelter wall in a Lower Pecos canyon in Texas. Perhaps native peoples painted these and similar images as a means of recording events.

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An orange-red church and a lone rider in European garb, the work of an unknown historic-period native artist, loom from the shelter wall in a Lower Pecos canyon in Texas. Perhaps native peoples painted these and similar images as a means of recording events.

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The Ancient City of Hegra, in the Arabian Desert, c.50 CE: this rock-hewn city was built by the Nabataeans, and it originally served as a center for international trade, but it was later transformed into a necropolis with more than 100 monumental tombs

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The Ancient City of Hegra, in the Arabian Desert, c.50 CE: this rock-hewn city was built by the Nabataeans, and it originally served as a center for international trade, but it was later transformed into a necropolis with more than 100 monumental tombs

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Swords of the Aegean, the intersection of Anatolian and Mycenaean cultures. These blades are a distinct category of weapons that originated in the Aegean region, particularly during the late Bronze Age dating from 1600 to 1200 BC.

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Swords of the Aegean, the intersection of Anatolian and Mycenaean cultures. These blades are a distinct category of weapons that originated in the Aegean region, particularly during the late Bronze Age dating from 1600 to 1200 BC.

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Over 30 film reels from the Qajar Empire have been discovered at Golestan Palace, dated to 1896–1907. They contain some of the earliest footage in Iran’s history, featuring Persian celebrations during that period, government officials in royal palaces, and the dawn of the country’s cinema.

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Over 30 film reels from the Qajar Empire have been discovered at Golestan Palace, dated to 1896–1907. They contain some of the earliest footage in Iran’s history, featuring Persian celebrations during that period, government officials in royal palaces, and the dawn of the country’s cinema.

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